The Lipid Digest

Reverse-engineering biology

From food and molecules to brain and body.

What does the science actually say about food, metabolism, and the brain-body connection? A working scientist reads the peer-reviewed literature — so you get the real story, not the headlines.

All Brain-Body Connection Nutrition & Food Science Brain Health 🍋 Food as Medicine New Technologies Biomarkers & Health
By Giuseppe Astarita, Ph.D. · 90+ publications · h-index 54 · 16 patents · Peer-reviewed · No hype

Stanford Scientists Regrew Cartilage by Preserving a Lipid Signal

Inhibiting 15-PGDH restores PGE₂ in arthritic joints — regenerating cartilage and reducing pain. The lipid signaling story behind a potential first disease-modifying treatment for osteoarthritis.

The Mediterranean diet is the most scientifically validated dietary pattern in human history. I grew up eating it in Campania — the region that gave the world mozzarella, ragù, and pizza. These posts pair traditional Southern Italian recipes with the peer-reviewed science behind why they work.

🌿 Mediterranean Diet

Ancel Keys, Pioppi, and the Science That Changed How the World Eats

In 1945 an American scientist arrived in Naples and found a population eating olive oil and legumes with almost no heart disease. He built a house in Cilento and spent 40 years figuring out why. A Campanian scientist explains what Keys got right — and what the molecular biology reveals that he couldn't see.

🌿 Mediterranean Diet

Alici di Cetara: The Ancient Roman Fish Sauce That's a DHA Delivery Vehicle

Colatura di alici — the amber liquid from salted anchovies in Cetara — is one of the most concentrated sources of EPA and DHA in the Mediterranean diet. Fermentation science, omega-3 biochemistry, and the recipe.

🌿 Mediterranean Diet

The Walnut: Why Every Mediterranean Kitchen Keeps a Bowl of Them

The only nut with significant omega-3 content — plus ellagitannins converted by gut bacteria to urolithins, dietary melatonin, and a polyphenol profile that rivals berries. The science, with a Campanian walnut pasta sauce.

Family recipes from my original Italian cooking blog (2008), now rewritten here in two voices — Campanian kitchen memory and the scientist's eye. Each recipe includes a brief science note explaining what is actually happening in the pot. Browse all posts & recipes →

Pasta e patate: the dish that teaches you everything

Potatoes and pasta in the same pot until the starches merge and the broth becomes something creamy without any cream. The Neapolitan word for the right consistency is pippiare — a gentle, lazy bubble.

Spaghetti aglio e olio: the midnight classic

Garlic, oil, chili, parsley. The simplest pasta there is and one of the best. The late-night dish of Naples — made properly, with patience and good olive oil.

Il ragù di Peppe: named after me, made by my mother

A slow-cooked meat sauce. Not the full Sunday ragù with whole cuts — the quicker version that still requires patience and rewards it. Minimum thirty minutes. An hour is better.

Pasta e Lenticchie: the longevity recipe

Lentils look like tiny ancient coins — which is why Italians eat them on New Year's for prosperity. Beyond the tradition, this is a genuine Blue Zones recipe. Molecular sophistication disguised as something a grandmother made.

Browse all posts & recipes →

OEA: The Lipid Molecule That Tells Your Brain You're Full

Every time you eat olive oil, your gut releases oleoylethanolamide. Here's what 20 years of research — including work from my own lab — reveals about how this tiny molecule controls hunger.

Alzheimer's Is Depleting Your Brain's 'Bliss Molecule'

Anandamide — your brain's natural cannabis-like compound — is significantly reduced in Alzheimer's disease. Here's what that means and where the research is heading.